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Showing posts with label science. Show all posts
Showing posts with label science. Show all posts

Tuesday, March 30, 2021

Making Salts

 Aim: To produce sodium chloride salt by carrying out a neutralisation reaction.

Equipment: 50 mL and 200 mL beakers, dilute HCI ( hydrochloric acid) , dilute NaOH ( sodium hydroxide) , 25 mL measuring cylinder, a glass stirring rod, spotting tile, Universal indicator solution, tripod, gauze mat, Bunsen burner , evaporating basin. 


                1 : Using the measuring cylinder measure 10 mL of HCI and pour it into your 50 mL beaker. 
2 : Every 10-15 drops stop adding the NaOH and use the glass stirring rod to transfer a drop of the sulfate to a spotting tile. Test its pH using Universal indicator.
3 : Keep adding NaOH and testing the solution by repeating step 2. As you get closer to neutral you may need to test the solution after every drop. 
4 : Pour the neutral solution into an evaporating basin and evaporate the water out of the solution using the equipment set up shown above. 

Tuesday, November 10, 2020

Circuit & Modelling

      

Cell : Supplies energy to circuit, by pushing current from the positive to negative end

Voltmeter : A device used to measure voltage, or electrical potential energy difference

Ammeter : A device used to measure current in a circuit

Wire : A thin, flexible thread of metal

Resistor : An electrical device that resists the flow of electrical current 

Bulb : In a circuit, this shows if electricity is flowing by lighting up

Switch : A device that opens or closes circuit

Battery : A device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy




Wednesday, October 28, 2020

Eye Dissection

Aim - To dissect a cow's eye and look at the different parts of they eye.

Equipment 
1 : Cow's Eye
2 : Newspaper
3 : Scissors
4 : Gloves
5 : Tweezers

Method 
1 : Set up a tray with newspaper on the desk, the tray on top and the scissors and tweezers in the tray.
2 : Put on a rubber glove
3 : Start to remove the excess fat and meat from around the eyeball before dissecting it
4 : Puncture a hole in the cornea where the cornea and the sclera meet.
5 : Cut around the corner so that the vitreous fluid leaks out of the eye onto the tray
6 : Once the cornea has been totally removed you will be able to move the lens from the iris
7 : Cut the eye in half so that the inside is totally exposed, Once this has been done you will be able to access the retina at the back of the eye.
8 : You should have now have placed the retina, lens , cornea and iris on a piece of paper.
9 : The dissection is now complete and all the parts of the eye need to be wrapped up and trashed. The trays and utensils that were needed must be rinsed and the rubber gloves thrown out.

Summary :
The cow's eye has exactly the same parts as a human eye except for its ability to see better in the dark. 

Tuesday, September 8, 2020

ENERGY

 Energy is stored in an object, it is the ability to move something                                                              Different kind of energy

Light Energy ( The energy of the electromagnetic waves. Found in Microwaves, X-rays, and visible light)  - Flashlight , Burning Candle

 Heat Energy ( Caused by the movement of particles, Found in all hot objects) - The sun , Gasoline 

Sound Energy ( Energy produced by vibrating objects. Examples are speech, ultrasound and music) - A balloon popping, Air condition fan

Chemical Energy ( Chemical potential energy - means its stored - is energy in the bonds between particles found in substances like petrol and food.  - Coal , Gasoline

Electrical Energy ( The movement of electrically charge particles. Found in wires, generators and lighting) - Batteries , capacitor 

Gravitational Potential Energy ( Energy stored in objects due to their height above the ground ) - A yo yo before its released , A raised weight


Kinetic Energy ( Energy due to the motion of an object. Eg moving cars, running, swimming - Bullet from gun , Roller coasters 

Elastic Potential ( Energy stored in stretched or squashed objects. Examples are strings or rubber bands) - Trampoline , Bungees 



Monday, August 10, 2020

Thursday, July 23, 2020

Monday, June 22, 2020

Distillation





Aim: To separate a solute from a solvent in a solution using Distillation.

Equipment: A solution of saltwater. conical flask, heatproof mat, a delivery tube and bung, Bunsen burner, tripod, gauze mat, retort stand, boss head and clamp, boiling tube.

Method:
         1 - Set up the equipment as shown in the diagram
         2 - Add approximately 50mL of saltwater to your conical flask
         3 - Light your Bunsen burner. Open the air hole and gently push the Bunsen under the tripod
         4 - Heat the solution until most of the solvent has been evaporated. Turn off your Bunsen burner

Hypothesis: I think that the color of the zero coke will change.

Results ( Observation) - After a while, I could see it bubbling, and the coke was turning into clear liquid and was going through the delivery tube.

Discussion : First we had a solution which was the coke, because of the heat it started bubbling, and we saw steam going up which meant it was evaporating, and the solution started going through the delivery tube, then it turned into clear liquid, which meant it was condensed.

Conclusion: The solution turned into a solvent, which was clear liquid, it changed to colorist, which means it the solution started off black and then the color changed to white.


Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Science

Aim: To test sample of food to examine weather it contains simple sugars. Testing foods simple complex protein.

Equipment: Bunsen Burner, Test Tube, Tong, Benedict's Solution, A sample of food.

Method:

Milk is not complex

Protein:
Potato - N
Apple - N
Milk - P
Egg - P
Bread -  N
Sugar -   N

Complex Sugar
Simple Sugar

My Conclusion is that potato didn't have protein in it. Because obviously milk and egg are one of the food with protein in it.

Wednesday, August 14, 2019

Hurumanu - Climate Change


Aim: To look at the causes of climate change and how to prevent it.


As you watch the video answer these questions:

What is our greatest threat in thousands of years?
- Climate Change

How do we see climate change affecting the globe?
  1.  Floods     
  2.   Winds
  3.   Storms
  4.    Heat Waves


What is needed to change history?
- Take Action

Is climate change a man made disaster?
- Yes, because we are burning fossil fuels

Dramatic action must be made in the next ten years to change it?

Why is our climate changing?
- Because of one simple fact = Our world is getting hotter

What is causing the warming trend of the climate?
- Human Activities

What is the main problem?
- We are all using energy all the time and in the industrial world that energy is almost entirely fossil fuels

What are examples of these?

Burning fossil fuels releases what gas?
- Carbon Dioxide

How much hotter now is our world?
- Over 400

What do we call this global warming?

How is this affecting creatures / animals like bats?
- The heat

What percentage of species are near extinction?
- Some animals are not use to the climate change changing 

How could this effect the world ecosystems?
- 8 Percent

What global change was seen and recording breaking last year?
- Wildfire

How is climate change affecting our weather systems?
The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere has in fact increased due to human- caused warming 
      
- This extra moisture is available to storm systems & heavier rainfalls.                          

 1.  Evaporating of the oceans 
2.  When there is no moisture in the air, your gonna get more rain
3.  With a degree Celsius of warming, there is no moisture 

What is another effect of climate change?
- As the climate change warms, it changes the nature of global rainfall, evaporation, snow,stream flow and other factors that affect water supply and quality. 

What will happen if the ice melts in Antarctica and the Arctic?
- If the Antarctic ice melted, sea levels around the world rise above 61 meters 
(200 Feet). But the average temperature in Antarctica is - 37 Celsius, so the ice there is in no danger of melting.

How does this affect people?

What other things affect oceans change?
          - Due to climate change, as the ocean gets warmer, this too has an effect on the                                                                   seafloor. 

What does to much heat do to coral?
- Rising ocean temperatures can kill corals. Humans pumping more and more       greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and that is trapping excess heat and causing the surface of the planet to warm.


Why did some industries not want to stop burning fossil fuels?


Stop at 23.39

Investigation

You can decide on how you would like to do this investigation. Your presentation could be on the blog, slides, or Powerpoint.

Write a definition, upload an image and list where these fossil fuels are mined.

  1. Coal
  2. Oil
  3. Natural Gas

- Coal is a hard rock which can be burned as a solid fossil fuel

- A viscous liquid derived from petroleum, especially for use as fuel or lubricant.   

- Flammable gas, consisting largely of methane and other hydrocarbons, occurring naturally underground 

Write a paragraph and upload an image about each of these renewable energy.


  1. Solar
  2. Wind
  3. Waves
  4. Hydro

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun, energy is the ability to do work, and "solar" is a Latin word for the sun. So, we can define solar energy as energy obtained from the sun, we can put this energy to work for us in many ways, from heating water and living spaces within our homes to generating electrical energy. Wind energy is an electrical energy obtained fro  m harnessing the wind with windmills or wind turbines. Wave energy, aka ocean energy or sea wave energy, is energy harnessed from the ocean or sea waves... Exactly, waves are created by the wind that passes over the oceans surface. Flowing water creates, energy that can be captured and turned into electricity, this is called hydroelectric power or hydro power. The most common type of hydroelectric power plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir.

China is the world leader in wind power generation

The National Energy Board of Canada expects that by 2040, solar power will generate 1.2% of the country's electricity while wind will provide 9.5%.

= Hydroelectricity is the largest renewable energy source in Canada, approximately 60 percent of Canada's electricity generation.

Write a 6 sentence reflection about what you have learnt about Climate Change and how it is going to affect us.  

In science Hurumanu we watched a facts video about climate change and while watching the video, we had to try and answer some questions based on climate change. I learnt some new things about climate change that i didn't know before. First of all I learnt that our climate is changing, simply because our world is getting hotter. I also learnt that the main problem is that we are all using energy all the time and in the industrial world that energy is almost entirely fossil fuels. I think climate change is going to affect peoples lives and health which I hope not, the reason why I think this is because according to World Health Organization, Air pollution kills an estimated 7 million people worldwide every year.


Hurumanu - From Trash to Gas: Biomass

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Aim: To compare the amount of gas that is produced from different types of biomass.

Material:
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  8.  
Steps:


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A picture of three bottles with balloons on top, containing cow manure with vegetable peelings or mashed banana.
Energy science project


Investigation.

What is biomass?
Biomass is a renewable energy source because we can always grow more trees and crops, and waste will always exist. Some examples of biomass fuels are wood, crops, manure, and some garbage. When burned, the chemical energy in biomass is released as heat.
What are the 5 types of biomass?

  1.  Garbage 
  2.  Wood 
  3.  Alcohol Fuels 
  4.  Crops 
  5.  Landfill
What are three benefits of biomass?
  1.   It is less expensive than fossil fuels.
  2.  It reduces the over reliance of fossil fuels.
  3.  Biomass is always and widely available as a renewable source of energy.
What are three disadvantages of biomass?
  1.    Biomass energy Can lead to deforestation.
  2.   Biomass plants require a lot of space.
  3.   Biomass energy is not as efficient as fossil fuels. 

Research the following types of Biomass.
You will need to:
Write a definition of the each fuel.
Answer each question
  • How is it made?
  • What is it used for? 
  • Where is it made? 
  • What is it made with? 
  • What countries use it?   
Place 2 images of the fuel.
What are its uses in the future?

Biomass types.

Name: Agricultural crops.
Definition:

Research:






Uses:
Image:

What are its uses in the future?

Name: Animal waste.
Definition:

Research:

Uses:
Image:

What are its uses in the future?

Name: Bio-gas and Landfill gas
Definition:

Research:





Uses:
Image:

What are its uses in the future?

Name: Solid waste
Definition:

Research:





Uses:
Image:

What are its uses in the future?

Name: Alcohol Fuel
Definition:

Research:





Uses:
Image:

What are its uses in the future?